Chemistry · Class 12 · Chapter 10
Biomolecules
13 lessons 94 min 3 simulations
The molecules of life. Carbohydrates first: how they are defined and grouped, the six experiments that fixed glucose's open chain, D and L, and why glucose and fructose really live as rings with α and β anomers. Then sugars linked by glycosidic bonds: sucrose and invert sugar, maltose, lactose, starch, cellulose and glycogen. Proteins follow, from α-amino acids and the zwitter ion through peptide bonds to four levels of structure, denaturation and enzymes. The chapter closes with vitamins and their deficiency diseases, DNA and RNA with base pairing, and hormones.
What the exam asks
NEET asks which reactions prove each part of glucose's structure and which facts the open chain cannot explain, anomers and ring sizes, the linkages in sucrose, maltose, lactose, starch and cellulose and which are reducing, invert sugar, the zwitter ion and essential amino acids, the structure levels and what denaturation destroys, vitamin solubility and deficiency diseases, nucleoside versus nucleotide, DNA versus RNA bases and pairs, and the chemical classes of hormones. Marks slip on D versus (+), on α versus β in starch and cellulose, and on vitamin B₁₂ and K.
Lessons
13 lessons · 94 min
1What counts as a carbohydrateNCERT §10.1–10.1.25 min2Glucose: how it is made and the open-chain evidenceNCERT §10.1.2.16 min3D and L: relative configurationNCERT §10.1.2.15 min4Ring forms of glucose and fructoseNCERT §10.1.2.1–10.1.2.25 min5Disaccharides and the glycosidic linkNCERT §10.1.39 min 1 sim6Polysaccharides and why carbohydrates matterNCERT §10.1.4–10.1.55 min7Amino acidsNCERT §10.2–10.2.26 min8Peptides and the four levels of protein structureNCERT §10.2.39 min 1 sim9Denaturation and enzymesNCERT §10.2.4–10.36 min10VitaminsNCERT §10.4–10.4.16 min11Nucleic acidsNCERT §10.5–10.5.310 min 1 sim12HormonesNCERT §10.64 min13Chapter reviewMust-know facts, traps and formulas18 min