Chemistry · Class 12 · Chapter 8
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
13 lessons 93 min 2 simulations
Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids all carry the carbonyl group, C=O. The chapter names them, explains the polar, planar carbonyl, and covers how aldehydes and ketones are made, why they add nucleophiles, how they are reduced and oxidised, and the tests that tell them apart; then how carboxylic acids are made, why they are the most acidic organic compounds met so far, and how the –OH, the C–OH bond, the whole –COOH and the α-carbon react.
What the exam asks
NEET asks for named reagents and reactions (Rosenmund, Stephen, DIBAL-H, Etard, Gatterman-Koch, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro, HVZ), reactivity order towards nucleophiles, Tollens'/Fehling's/iodoform results for a given compound, aldol versus Cannizzaro, and acid-strength orders from substituent effects and pKa. Marks are lost on the α/β position of the aldol –OH, on aromatic aldehydes in Fehling's test, and on reading a higher pKa as stronger.
Lessons
13 lessons · 93 min
1Names and the carbonyl groupNCERT §8.16 min2Preparing aldehydes and ketonesNCERT §8.2.1–8.2.25 min3Aromatic aldehydes and ketonesNCERT §8.2.2–8.2.35 min4Physical properties of aldehydes and ketonesNCERT §8.35 min5Nucleophilic additionNCERT §8.46 min6Ammonia derivatives and reductionNCERT §8.45 min7Oxidation and the testsNCERT §8.410 min 1 sim8α-Hydrogen reactions and usesNCERT §8.4–8.56 min9Carboxylic acids: names and structureNCERT §8.65 min10Preparing carboxylic acidsNCERT §8.76 min11Physical properties and acidityNCERT §8.8–8.9.111 min 1 sim12Reactions and uses of carboxylic acidsNCERT §8.9.2–8.106 min13Chapter reviewMust-know facts, traps and formulas17 min