Simulation · Biology · Class 12
Where does it go? GIFT, ZIFT and IUT
From the lesson Infertility and assisted reproduction in Reproductive Health. Change the values and watch what happens.
The idea behind it
NCERT §3.5
- Infertility: a couple has no child even after 2 years of living together with unprotected sex.
- Causes vary: physical, congenital, disease, drugs, immunological, even psychological. In India the female is often blamed, but the problem very often lies with the male partner.
- Infertility clinics can diagnose and correct some disorders; when correction is not possible, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) can help.
- IVF-ET ('test tube baby'): ova from the wife or a donor and sperms from the husband or a donor are made to form a zygote in the laboratory, under conditions close to those in the body; the embryo is then transferred.
- ZIFT (zygote intra fallopian transfer): the zygote or an early embryo with up to 8 blastomeres goes into the fallopian tube. IUT (intra uterine transfer): an embryo with more than 8 blastomeres goes into the uterus.
- Embryos formed by in-vivo fertilisation (gametes fusing inside a female) can also be transferred to help females who cannot conceive.
- GIFT (gamete intra fallopian transfer): an ovum from a donor is placed in the fallopian tube of a female who cannot produce ova but can provide a suitable environment for fertilisation and development.
- ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection): a sperm is injected directly into the ovum in the laboratory to form an embryo.
- Artificial insemination (AI): used when the male cannot inseminate the female or has very low sperm counts. Semen from the husband or a healthy donor is placed in the vagina or in the uterus (IUI, intra-uterine insemination).
- ART needs highly precise handling by specialists and costly instruments, so it is available in very few centres and to few people; emotional, religious and social factors also hold it back. The law also permits legal adoption, which gives orphaned and destitute children a home.
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